{"id":28383,"date":"2025-03-25T18:28:47","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T15:28:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/?p=28383"},"modified":"2025-04-25T20:20:38","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T17:20:38","slug":"novi-konturi-yevropejsko%d1%97-bezpeki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/en\/publikacii\/novi-konturi-yevropejsko%d1%97-bezpeki\/","title":{"rendered":"New Contours of European Security"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd\" data-ad-rendering-role=\"story_message\">\n<div id=\"\u00abR5alqllajaillkqismipapd5aqH2\u00bb\" class=\"x1l90r2v x1iorvi4 x1ye3gou xn6708d\" data-ad-comet-preview=\"message\" data-ad-preview=\"message\">\n<div class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\">\n<div class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<h1 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">New Contours of European Security<\/h1>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200bToday, there is an urgent need to establish a new European security system. The unprovoked large-scale Russian military aggression against Ukraine in February 2022 has destroyed the principles and norms of international law, undermined the existing European security architecture, and altered the factors that contributed to a stable and predictable security environment in Europe.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200bNATO leadership, along with the majority of EU\/NATO member states, have recognised Russia as the primary threat to European security, which, in their assessment, will remain so in the short- and medium-term perspective. This position is reflected in their conceptual security and defence documents. Regardless of the outcome of the Russo-Ukrainian war, the Russian Federation will retain its ambitious goals of achieving a &#8220;geostrategic revanche&#8221; for losing the Cold War, restoring its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, and reclaiming its status as one of the global centres of power. Russia will continue to build up its military potential, militarise its economy and society for a long-term geopolitical confrontation with Western countries. The Kremlin will also attempt to dismantle the European security architecture established after the Cold War, reduce the US presence on the continent, and sow discord within Western alliances (NATO, EU).<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200bTo effectively counteract Russia&#8217;s neo-imperialist expansion in Europe, it is necessary to modernise the existing European security architecture, which should include three main components:<a href=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka2.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-7hK8O2cf\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28388 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka2.png 350w, https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka2-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">I. Strengthening NATO&#8217;s Role with US Involvement<\/h2>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The North Atlantic Alliance will remain the only effective collective defence system in the world in the short- and medium-term perspective. Ways to enhance collective defensive capabilities should include:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Increasing defence spending: As of early 2025, not all countries have met the 2% GDP defence commitment. Current conditions and threats already demand an increase in this figure. The US has urged NATO countries to raise defence spending to 5% of GDP.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Accelerating the integration of new NATO members (Finland and Sweden).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Strengthening NATO forces and assets deployed on the eastern flank (in the Baltic states, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria). Measures have already begun to upgrade NATO multinational battalion groups to brigade level.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Expanding the scale and intensity of NATO operational and combat training. In this context, the large-scale exercise of the newly created NATO Allied Reaction Force, &#8220;Steadfast Dart 25,&#8221; took place from 13 January to 26 February 2025 in Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania, involving nine NATO member states, about 10,000 military personnel, 1,500 units of military equipment, 20 aircraft, and 17 ships.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Maintaining the US military presence in Europe: Since 2017, the United States has expanded its military presence in Eastern Europe, deploying additional forces under the &#8220;Atlantic Resolve&#8221; operation (including two armoured brigade combat teams, a light infantry brigade combat team, and an army aviation brigade).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka4.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-7hK8O2cf\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28389 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka4.png 350w, https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka4-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200bII. Strengthening the European Union&#8217;s Defence Component<\/h2>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200bThe shift in US foreign policy, which for the first time since 1945 is reconsidering its traditional role in European security, poses the challenge for the EU to rebuild the political and security architecture of the continent amid a rapidly changing global order. A retreat by the US from an active role in European security would leave the continent vulnerable to external threats, primarily from Russia. The European Union and non-EU countries must jointly address strategic issues, requiring a new model of security and defence cooperation, a reassessment of interaction with the US, and the formation of new alliances.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Key directions for strengthening the EU\u2019s defence component include:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Developing a unified European approach to security and defence.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Enhancing the EU\u2019s military capabilities by increasing defence spending and boosting the production capacity of Europe\u2019s defence-industrial base.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Optimising cooperation between European defence-industrial complexes to eliminate fragmentation and increase the efficiency of joint defence programmes.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Maintaining transatlantic cooperation, even amid complex relations with the US.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Expanding France\u2019s nuclear deterrence capabilities to cover EU nations.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Enhancing collaboration with European countries outside the EU (the UK, Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Engaging non-European allies in European security (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and Japan).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Strengthening internal resilience (political, diplomatic, and economic) against external and internal challenges.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Reforming the EU\u2019s decision-making system in security and defence, overcoming vetoes by individual countries pursuing alternative foreign policies (e.g., Hungary, Slovakia).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Maintaining a clear policy on long-term support for Ukraine, with a focus on military assistance.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Further diplomatic, economic, and sanctions pressure on Russia.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Forming new strategic partnerships to strengthen the EU\u2019s influence on the global stage.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka5.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-7hK8O2cf\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28392 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka5.png 350w, https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka5-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">III. Regionalisation<\/h2>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The deteriorating security environment in Europe has highlighted the need to form new and strengthen existing regional alliances, groups, and platforms. During the Russo-Ukrainian war, key platforms for political and military coordination among European countries in supporting Ukraine and bolstering European defence include:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Nordic-Baltic Eight (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) (UK, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Bucharest Nine (B9) (Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 E5 Format (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Poland)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Weimar Triangle (Germany, France, Poland)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Three Seas Initiative (Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Czech Republic)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Given the inefficiencies in EU and NATO decision-making in deterring Russian aggression, discussions are growing in Europe about forming new coalitions and alliances on security and defence matters, comprising countries willing to act decisively. Notably, a &#8220;coalition of the willing,&#8221; led by the UK and France, is developing plans to deploy military contingents (including land, naval, and air components) in Ukraine to support peace in the event of a ceasefire agreement with Russia and to deter future aggression. Up to 35 nations could potentially join this coalition and participate in a military mission in Ukraine.<\/div>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka8.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-7hK8O2cf\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-28394\" src=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka8.png 350w, https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bezpeka8-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200bUkraine\u2019s Role in the New European Security Architecture<\/h2>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200bThe growing threats to NATO from Russia and its allies significantly increase Ukraine\u2019s role in ensuring Euro-Atlantic and global security. Today, Ukraine remains the key battleground between democracies and autocracies, with the outcome of the Russo-Ukrainian war determining the overall balance of power in the world and the future security architecture of Europe. Strengthening NATO and EU defence capabilities is impossible without Ukraine, which possesses unique combat experience in repelling large-scale military aggression by a nuclear state and has the most capable and numerous armed forces on the continent.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Peace in Europe is impossible without Ukraine\u2019s integration into existing and future Western security cooperation formats. To ensure lasting peace, Ukraine must finally exit the &#8220;grey security zone,&#8221; where it found itself due to the failure of mechanisms guaranteeing its sovereignty and territorial integrity under the 1994 Budapest Memorandum, and obtain new reliable security guarantees from Western countries that will prevent the resumption of Russian aggression in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Yuriy Mykhailenko,<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Institute for Global Politics<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yuriy Mykhailenko<\/p>\n<p>The change in the US foreign policy course, accompanied by the revision (for the first time since 1945) of its traditional role in European security, poses a challenge to the EU to reshape the political and security architecture of the continent. In order to effectively counter Russia\u2019s neo-imperialist expansion in Europe, it is necessary to modernize the existing European security architecture<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":28629,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[261,260],"tags":[272],"class_list":["post-28383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","category-publikacii","tag-mixajlenko","wp-image-borders"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["uk","en","ru","fr","ar"],"languages":{"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"ar":{"title":true,"content":false,"excerpt":true}}},"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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