{"id":29897,"date":"2025-06-06T00:10:37","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T21:10:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/?p=29897"},"modified":"2025-06-10T11:52:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T08:52:11","slug":"ekologicheskie-posledstviya-agressii-rf-v-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/en\/publikacii\/ekologicheskie-posledstviya-agressii-rf-v-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Consequences of the RF\u2019s Aggression in Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"padding-left: 120px; text-align: left;\"><em>Based on the materials of the roundtable of the Institute for Global Politics \u201cEnvironmental Security and Consequences of War: Challenges, Threats and Ways to Overcome Them\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Environmental Consequences of the RF\u2019s Aggression in Ukraine: the Problem of Mined Areas and Challenges for Restoration of the Environment<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Every day, Defense Forces of Ukraine defend our country, people, infrastructure and, in particular, the natural environment, which is being significantly damaged. The environmental consequences of the war are no less threatening than the humanitarian or economic ones \u2013 they are already changing landscapes, polluting soil, water, and air, and will have a long-term impact on public health and ecosystem resilience.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The task of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is not only to minimize the environmental consequences of hostilities, but to promote ecosystem restoration, land restoration, and to ensure sustainable use of natural resources.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">From this perspective, the following issues need to be considered in more detail:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 15px;\">\n<li>assessment of the environmental damage caused by the RF\u2019s military aggression;<\/li>\n<li>implementation of the operational action plan for the implementation in 2024-2026 of the National Mine Action Strategy for the period up to 2033;<\/li>\n<li>adaptation of international mine action standards (IMAS) in accordance with Ukrainian legislation;<\/li>\n<li>implementation of NATO standards on environmental safety in military activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik1.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ifPgjARE\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-29912\" src=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik1.png 300w, https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik1-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>As of the first quarter of 2025, the damage caused to the environment as a result of shelling of Ukrainian military facilities is estimated at approximately UAH 367 billion, which is equivalent to about USD 9 billion. This datum only partially reflects the amount of environmental damage, as a full assessment of the damage requires extensive research and ongoing monitoring. It is important to keep in mind that the environmental consequences of the war will have a long-lasting impact and may negatively affect human health and ecosystem stability for many years after the end of hostilities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Estimates of environmental damage (these figures are approximate, as the goal is not to calculate the maximum amount, but to determine the real scale of the problem):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pollution from Demolition Waste \u2013 UAH 352 billion 009 million 998 Thousand 748.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Millions of tons of construction debris, concrete, glass, and asbestos fragments end up in the soil and water. Dangerous materials from destroyed buildings poison the environment and make it difficult to restore it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pollution of Land \u2013 UAH 2 billion 958 million 468 thousand 308.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Russia\u2019s aggression is destroying fertile soil: contamination with oil products, heavy metals and explosives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fugitive Emissions of Pollutants into the Air \u2013 UAH 860 million 588 thousand 015.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Critical air pollution as a result of explosions, fires and attacks. Harmful emissions have a negative impact on human health, especially in the frontline areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Damage to the Forest Fund \u2013 UAH 154 million 312 thousand 563.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Thousands of hectares of forests have been destroyed by fire, shelling and mining. Natural ecosystems are being destroyed, wildlife is dying, and the threat of soil erosion is growing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Damage to the Environment Within the Territorial Sea, the Exclusive Maritime (Economic) Zone and Inland Sea Waters of Ukraine in the Azov and Black Seas \u2013 UAH 8 billion 361 million 755 thousand 925.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The waters are polluted with fuel, metal, and machinery, including flooded equipment. Marine ecosystems have been disrupted, affecting fisheries and biodiversity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik3.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ifPgjARE\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-29913\" src=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik3.png 300w, https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik3-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The RF\u2019s armed aggression against Ukraine has caused significant contamination of the territory with explosive ordnance, which poses a serious threat to environmental safety. As of 2025, the area of potentially explosive contaminated territories is estimated at approximately 139,000 square kilometers, including 14,000 square kilometers of sea waters. However, given the scale of the contamination, it may take decades to completely clear the area of explosive ordnance. For example, it took Croatia, which is almost ten times smaller than Ukraine, about 10 years to clear of mines. Thanks to the joint efforts of government agencies, international partners, and the public, the area of contaminated territories has been reduced, which has a positive impact on the environmental situation in the country. However, complete demining and restoration of contaminated areas will take lots of time and significant resources.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Due to the high density of mined areas, including natural landscapes and agricultural land, the question arises as to the timing and methods of demining. In particular, there is a need to reduce environmental contamination by explosive ordnance and effectively manage these risks.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is actively cooperating with stakeholders to conduct research on the environmental impact of mechanized humanitarian demining, as well as to determine the requirements for environmental protection during demining activities. The implementation of these initiatives will reduce the negative impact on the environment and contribute to its restoration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Also, in order to reduce the environmental impact of humanitarian demining, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine has organized work to adapt international mine action standards (IMAS) in accordance with national legislation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To date, work is underway to study and adapt IMAS 07.13 \u2013 Environmental Management and Climate Change in Mine Action as a National Standard on Mine Action. Implementation of IMAS 07.13 as a National Standard will allow for better organization of the land management process with a special emphasis on the liberation of such territories and their subsequent restoration for use, as well as management of potential environmental risks and minimization of environmental damage during demining activities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition to the above, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is actively working on the implementation of NATO environmental safety standards to be used by units during military activities. The main goal of implementing these standards is to increase the effectiveness of environmental protection and achieve full compatibility with NATO. For Ukraine, this is an important step towards Euro-Atlantic integration. Of course, during the period of combat operations, the fulfillment of combat missions and the preservation of personnel lives are a priority, but work is underway to gradually transition to apply the requirements of the standards in the planned activities of the Armed Forces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 2023\u20132025, cooperation with the following international organizations on mine action and environmental protection was established:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 15px;\">\n<li>OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, project \u201cSupport for Environmental Rehabilitation with a Focus on the Development of Ukraine\u2019s National Mine Action Capacity\u201d, technical capacity support, personnel training),<\/li>\n<li>UNDP (United Nations Development Program, technical capacity support, involvement in sampling),<\/li>\n<li>FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, training of staff, involvement in sampling)<\/li>\n<li>UNEP (United Nations Environment Program, training of personnel, involvement in sampling).<\/li>\n<li>The Ministry of Defense is grateful to the partners and positively evaluates the experience gained, and looks forward to further fruitful cooperation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Of course, there are problematic issues that require consolidation of efforts not only of all government agencies, but also of civil society:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 15px;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik2.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-ifPgjARE\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-29914\" src=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik2.png 300w, https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sitnik2-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>A scientifically based review of the methods for determining the damage caused to the environment as a result of Russia\u2019s armed aggression (we know that the Ministry of Environment and the State Environmental Inspectorate, together with international partners, are working to update the old and develop new methods for determining damage. However, military ecology has its own specifics that cannot be taken into account in general methods for a number of reasons. Given the direction of the Department\u2019s activities, our priority is the impact of mines and other explosive remnants of war on the environment and the best international practices for assessing such impact. Therefore, we are ready to propose a specific sphere of cooperation in this regard (development of a methodology for asssessing damage with the obligatory involvement of the scientific component and in accordance with international practices and NATO standards);<\/li>\n<li>determining the scientifically based principles of environmental restoration of the territory of military facilities that have been destroyed or damaged as a result of the RF\u2019s armed aggression, using a specific example of a military facility (In addition to assessing the damage caused to the environment, it is extremely important for us to simultaneously develop steps to restore the territories that have been destroyed. At the same time, these steps should be scientifically based in order to understand the prospects for restoring the territories, the priority and order of such restoration. We can offer a number of military facilities that have been damaged, with appropriate division according to the type of damage or the purpose of the military facility);<\/li>\n<li>development of methodological principles for mitigating the environmental impact of military activities and adaptation to climate change (Along with damage assessment and restoration of destroyed territories, it is important to constantly develop methodological principles for reducing the impact on the environment, taking into account not only current problems, but also the global problem of anthropogenic impact of accelerating climate change);<\/li>\n<li>creation of the International Scientific and Technological Center for Environmental Studies, Prevention and Elimination of the Consequences of War (Taking into consideration the urgency of the issue, the large number of needs and the level of scientists and material and technical resources involved, it is necessary to create an International Center for Environmental Studies, which could act as a foreign hub for processing information collected and analyzed in Ukraine, its verification, accumulation and direct cooperation with international scientific institutions that, for various reasons, cannot cooperate with the military directly);<\/li>\n<li>Implementation of ecological restoration of the territories damaged as a result of the RF\u2019s armed aggression, reclamation of damaged lands and waters (removal of explosive objects and substances, shell fragments, restoration of fertility) (After determining specific scientifically based steps for ecological restoration of territories, it is logical to implement these steps, which in turn will require a large amount of resources and adjustment of methodological principles after practical feedback).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ukraine, which has been fighting the RF\u2019s full-scale invasion for more than 3 years, understands the toxic legacy of war like no other. The consequences for the environment are catastrophic and will take decades and significant financial resources to be overcome. After the end of hostilities, Ukraine will face a difficult task: to restore the ecological balance, eliminate the effects of pollution, restore soil fertility and protect natural resources.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the key elements of this process will be the implementation of international standards, in particular NATO standards related to environmental protection in the military sphere. The development and implementation of such standards will allow us not only to restore the environmental situation, but also to integrate best environmental practices into the national security and defense system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Our goal is to ensure sustainable development and environmental safety of the country through a comprehensive approach that includes both management of consequences of war and preventive measures to protect the environment from future threats. Given the importance of such standards, we continue to work on their implementation and expansion in our Armed Forces, which will not only reduce environmental risks during military operations, but will also create a solid foundation for environmental restoration after the war. The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is open to further dialogue, cooperation and joint initiatives that will contribute to environmental protection and safe recovery of the country after the war.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Yurii Sytnyk,<br \/>\n<\/strong>Head of the Environmental Safety Department of the Main Directorate of Mine Action, <br \/>\nCivil Protection and Environmental Safety of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, <br \/>\nColonel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Based on the materials of the roundtable of the Institute for Global Politics<br \/>\nYurii Sytnyk<\/p>\n<p>The Problem of Mined Areas and Challenges for Restoration of the Environment<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":29902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[261,260],"tags":[288,284],"class_list":["post-29897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","category-publikacii","tag-kruglij-stil","tag-sitnik","wp-image-borders"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["uk","en","ru","fr","ar"],"languages":{"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"ar":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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