{"id":31170,"date":"2025-08-20T00:05:12","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T21:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/?p=31170"},"modified":"2025-08-20T13:47:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T10:47:09","slug":"rosijskij-totalitarizm-ye-odnim-iz-najserjoznishix-viklikiv-dlya-suchasno%d1%97-svitovo%d1%97-stabilnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igp.org.ua\/en\/publikacii\/rosijskij-totalitarizm-ye-odnim-iz-najserjoznishix-viklikiv-dlya-suchasno%d1%97-svitovo%d1%97-stabilnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Russian totalitarianism is one of the most serious challenges to modern global stability&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Based<em> on the materials of the roundtable of the Institute for Global Politics &#8220;Russian Authoritarianism as a Threat to Global Security&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\">&#8220;Russian totalitarianism is one of the most serious challenges to modern global stability&#8221;<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is due to the historical essence and the &#8220;great power&#8221; imperial nature of the Russian state, as well as the psychology and worldview of the Russian population.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When it comes to totalitarian states, examples from the past usually come to mind, such as Hitler&#8217;s Germany, Stalin&#8217;s Soviet Union, or Mao&#8217;s China. However, totalitarianism did not disappear with the 20th century. Today, it continues to flourish in Russia, Belarus, China, North Korea, Iran, and a number of other lesser-known states. In the classical view, totalitarianism has the following characteristics:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 15px;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">an official, coercively imposed ideology that denies the old order and aims to consolidate the population. As a state doctrine, it covers all significant spheres of public life and affects the economy, official history, politics, family life and child-rearing;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">the presence of a &#8220;single leader&#8221; (&#8220;leader of the nation&#8221;) &#8211; Fuhrer, Duce, Secretary General, President &#8211; whose authority is based on the image of a sinless, wise, visionary savior of the country;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">the only ruling party that provides administrative structures with officials loyal to the government;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">powerful secret political police that eliminates opponents of the regime and undesirable elements, and is the main instrument for pursuing policy and defending the interests of the authorities;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Terror and mass repression, which intimidate and discipline the bulk of the population;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">state control of the media, which turns it into a powerful mechanism of total propaganda that mobilizes the population and makes it an apologist for the actions of the leader and the country&#8217;s leadership;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">a monopoly on armed violence and active use of law enforcement agencies: army, police, paramilitary formations;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">a centralized, state-regulated economy, with economic activity subordinated to the goals and objectives of the government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As these features are revealed and strengthened, the state becomes totalitarian. As a result, social life is sharply primitivized and loses its internally motivated development dynamics, driven by the vector of multiple private interests. It is replaced by a state policy that claims to be &#8220;rational&#8221;, &#8220;scientific&#8221;, and centralized management of social processes, and is able to make &#8220;optimal decisions&#8221; on problems that arise in society and in the country as a whole, as well as to develop geopolitical fantasies about the revival of the &#8220;great state&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;Totalitarianism,&#8221; as a specific characteristic of the Putin regime, is manifested primarily in the intentions of those in power, who are the heirs of the KGB by their origin, mindset, and corporate ethics. Therefore, their political plans, hopes, interests, and understanding of reality reflect the confrontational mentality of the Cold War. In the USSR, any means and actions, including demagoguery, fabrications, and murder, were permissible against internal enemies if it was in the interests of &#8220;state security.&#8221; Of course, it was not really about &#8220;state security.&#8221; Such methods protected the usurpers and seizers of power from the threat of criticism and delegitimization.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The new Russian government adopted the patterns of the Soviet system not because they were better, more effective, or ideologically justified, but because Putin and his entourage could not think of anything else. The inheritance of the old practices characteristic of the Soviet system was due to the fact that the forces that came to power were doomed to reproduce and repeat these old standards of thinking and action. This is how a totalitarian system is restored and reproduced.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In contrast to the politics of the 1990s, today in Russia we are dealing with a new phenomenon &#8211; the formation of a single ideology that can be called &#8220;state patriotism.&#8221; Its main provisions include the following theses of organic solidarity and national unity:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 15px;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Russia is a great power because it is one of the two largest states in the world with a nuclear arsenal. With the help of these weapons, it can destroy any enemy;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Russia is a country with a thousand-year history, a special civilization formed on the basis of the belief that the state is a force that creates, shapes and protects the Russian people. The Russian people is a chosen, great nation that has been destined for a special fate &#8211; a fate of suffering and victory. Therefore, it has an exceptional place in world history. Russia has become great &#8211; in the spiritual and territorial sense &#8211; in a continuous struggle against opposing forces, including the West;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Russia is an Orthodox country where the state and the church have historically merged. It is thanks to Orthodoxy that it has preserved its spirituality, values, morals, and traditions. Therefore, there are no and cannot be any contradictions between the government and the people;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Russia, as Putin &#8220;saw fit to say,&#8221; is a great country, so its citizens should not be ashamed of its past. This primarily refers to Stalin&#8217;s terror and the murder of millions of people during mass repression and collectivization, as well as chronic poverty and backwardness compared to developed Western countries;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Russia is strong as long as it is united. The suffering and sacrifices of the Russian people for the sake of preserving the state, for the sake of &#8220;saving&#8221; the world from fascism and winning the Great Patriotic War, not only strengthened their spirit, but also gave Russia the moral right to dictate terms to other countries and force them to take into account the interests of the &#8220;great&#8221; state. Those who do not serve these special interests and are not ready to selflessly defend their homeland are traitors, enemies of the people, the fifth column, and foreign agents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The continued work of propaganda and other state institutions has revived deeply hidden layers of Soviet-style totalitarian political culture, which has paralyzed the ability to form subjective opinions and evaluate repressive power. There is a massive identification with the great power, its military might, its values, and its sovereign right to impose its will on other countries.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The war in Ukraine was a logical continuation of this internal policy, ideology and propaganda aimed at zombifying the masses. The following arguments for justifying the war should be considered as additional factors supporting it: &#8220;Our military actions were caused by a threat from the West&#8221;. In this case, &#8220;we&#8221; (Russia) are &#8220;the victim of someone else&#8217;s aggression, NATO&#8217;s expansion&#8221;. Russia, as a &#8220;big brother,&#8221; is charged with the responsibility to liberate the &#8220;long-suffering population of Donbas&#8221; from &#8220;Ukrainian Nazis&#8221; and to &#8220;denazify&#8221; Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The war, hypocritically called a &#8220;special military operation,&#8221; was initially perceived as a local, limited in time and scope operation, as Putin and the Russian armed forces persistently assured. The propaganda actively and successfully worked on fertile ground, and the question posed in January 2024: &#8220;Did Russia have the right to start military operations on the territory of Ukraine?&#8221;, 77% of respondents directly stated: &#8220;Yes. Russia has the right to do so. It has to defend its interests.&#8221; In other words, the majority of Russians are ready to find any reason to justify the actions of the government with which they identify as part of a single country.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To summarize, we should recognize that Putin&#8217;s current war in Ukraine is not accidental. It is a natural consequence of Russia&#8217;s reverse development. Russia cannot overcome its past, its &#8220;great power&#8221; traditions. The political culture of Russian society, the essence of which is adaptation to the will of the state and obedience to the authorities, which, due to the lack of public resistance, have become not only corrupt but also mafia-like, sooner or later generates incentives for expansion, for war, which gives the regime a reason to justify the establishment of full sovereignty over the population. In the 33 years of its post-Soviet existence, Russia has waged wars of varying intensity and scale for 29 years.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Today, Russia is no longer alone. According to world leaders and experts, since February 2022, there has been a clear increase in military cooperation and foreign policy and economic coordination between Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran. According to NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, it is becoming increasingly clear that Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea are acting together against Ukraine, and that if Russia wins in Ukraine, it will become a threat not only to Europe but also to the United States, not to mention neighboring post-Soviet countries, including Georgia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Throughout its post-Soviet history, Russia has been and remains an exporter and supporter of authoritarianism and totalitarianism in the region and in the world, which was clearly manifested in the regions of Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Middle East, particularly in Syria. It is only thanks to its support that the long and successful existence of the Lukashenka regime in Belarus became possible. At the same time, it has always opposed the Baltic states and Georgia, which are oriented toward democratic values. Today, Russia is waging an armed war against statehood and democracy in Ukraine and a hybrid war against Georgia in order to destroy their democratic institutions and change the country&#8217;s pro-Western foreign policy course. Russia is also trying to play a destabilizing role even in the African region.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In conclusion, we can say that Russian authoritarianism is one of the most serious challenges to contemporary global stability. Its appetites and ambitions will only grow if it succeeds, due to the historical essence and &#8220;great power&#8221; imperial nature of the Russian state, as well as the psychology and worldview of the Russian population. This threat can be countered only by joint efforts of Western democratic states and regional military and political alliances (e.g., the Baltic-Black Sea Union), including the use of economic, political, diplomatic and military instruments.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But even these efforts will not be enough if the Russian state continues to exist in the form in which it does now. We must fully agree with the statement of Mr. Toriev from Ingushetia and other representatives of indigenous peoples that only the separation of all national entities and their resources can transform Russia from a &#8220;federation&#8221; or empire into a normal nation-state and bring freedom and development to all peoples, including the Russian people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To democratize and de-imperialize Russia, it is not enough to simply change the government. The research on which this report is based demonstrates that there is a demand in Russian society for a strong hand and statehood, which could lead to a new Putin regime if the appropriate resources are available. This, of course, does not mean that we should not support civil society and opposition movements in Russia. What is needed is a comprehensive approach that includes all of the above tools &#8211; support for the national liberation movement, support for democratic society, economic sanctions, and surrounding Russia with military and political alliances that can resist it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Paata Khotenashvili<\/strong><br \/>\nPresident of the BB Legal Law Firm,<br \/>\nco-founder of the Georgian-Ukrainian Friendship Society, Doctor of Law<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paata Khotenashvili<\/p>\n<p>Based on the materials of the roundtable of the Institute for Global Politics &#8220;Russian Authoritarianism as a Threat to Global Security&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":31171,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[260,264],"tags":[307],"class_list":["post-31170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publikacii","category-treningi-seminary","tag-xotenashvili","wp-image-borders"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["uk","en","ru","fr","ar"],"languages":{"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"ar":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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